Measuring Pilot Mental Workload During Flights Without PAPI Lights Using a Wearable Device

This study investigates pilot mental workload during approach and landing phases when Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) lights are unavailable. Using wearable physiological monitoring devices, we measured various psychophysiological indicators to assess cognitive load variations in pilots performing landings without visual approach aids. The findings provide insights into the additional cognitive demands placed on pilots when standard visual guidance systems are not available, with implications for training program design and operational procedures in general aviation.